![]() ![]() Sadly no dinosaur skeletons have been found locked in romantic embrace. Among the rare examples are 47-million-year-old turtles that died while copulating and a pair of 320-million-year-old sharks that might have been courting when they were rapidly buried. Signs of sex are hard to find in the fossil record of any creature. Much remains to be discovered, but scientists are slowly drawing back the curtain on dinosaur amour. And computer modeling offers the possibility of testing theories about how these giants managed to do the deed itself. Meanwhile studies of birds and crocodilians-the closest living relatives of dinosaurs-hint at what the external reproductive anatomy of dinosaurs looked like. Dinosaur fossils have furnished clues to such intimate details as when during development these reptiles reached sexual maturity and how they attracted mates. Yet although scientists have managed to deduce quite a bit about dinosaur biology, the nuts and bolts of dinosaur sex remained largely unknown-in part because studying the sexual behavior of animals was taboo historically and the topic seemed so beyond the reach of science that very little could be said about dinosaur mating with confidence. ![]() As in nearly all modern-day reptiles, males would have deposited sperm inside females, which would later lay fertilized eggs containing developing dinosaur embryos. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.ĭinosaurs must have had sex to reproduce. If you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. Could the male rear up to mount the female? Could the female support his weight? Wouldn't her massive tail get in the way? Alas, my flight started boarding, so I had to part ways with the skeleton, but I continued to ponder the mating mystery on the plane. But try as I might, I couldn't quite figure out the mechanics of what should come next. Giddy and tired, I envisioned a pair of amorous Brachiosaurus standing in a clearing in a conifer forest some 150 million years ago during the Jurassic period, each one waiting for the other to make the first move. And then a strange thought bubbled up in my mind: How did such a gargantuan animal have sex? I stopped and stared at the behemoth-a replica of Brachiosaurus inherited from the Field Museum in Chicago-mentally filling in the internal organs, muscles and skin of a creature that at 85 feet long is one of the largest dinosaurs ever found. Pillarlike forelimbs and brawny shoulders supported a long swerve of neck bones leading up to the dinosaur's small, boxy skull, which peered over the top of a banner touting the airport's Wi-Fi, as if looking to the tarmac beyond to check the latest departures and arrivals. ![]() But the scene did not evaporate as I approached. At first I thought it was a mirage created by my travel-addled brain. I was shuffling through Chicago's O'Hare international airport when I saw it: a magnificent, towering skeleton of a dinosaur. Adapted from My Beloved Brontosaurus: On the Road with Old Bones, New Science, and Our Favorite Dinosaurs, by Brian Switek, by arrangement with Scientific American/Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC.
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![]() Get ready to dominate the battlefield and become the supreme Bloons TD Battles player with this powerful hack!įrequently Asked Questions 1. The anti-ban protection ensures the safety of your account, and the user-friendly interface makes it easy to use for all players. With unlimited medallions, energy, and all upgrades unlocked, you can create an unstoppable defense and unleash devastating attacks. The Bloons TD Battles Hack offers a plethora of features that give players an unfair advantage in the game. No matter the device, you can enjoy unlimited medallions, energy, and upgrades to dominate your opponents in this intense tower defense battle! Conclusion: Whether you play the game on your smartphone, tablet, or computer, you can use this hack to enhance your gameplay experience. The Bloons TD Battles Hack is compatible with all major platforms, including iOS and Android. Simply install, launch, and gain an unfair advantage in the game! 6. No technical knowledge or coding expertise is required to enjoy the benefits of this hack. ![]() Its intuitive design and straightforward controls allow you to access and activate the various hack features effortlessly. The Bloons TD Battles Hack has a user-friendly interface that makes it easy to use for players of all skill levels. ![]() Enjoy hacking without worrying about the consequences and dominate the battlefield without any restrictions! 5. This security feature ensures that your account remains safe and undetectable by the game’s anti-cheat system. Worried about getting banned for using hacks? Fear not! The Bloons TD Battles Hack comes with an advanced anti-ban protection system. Enhance your towers with powerful abilities and create an impenetrable defense to thwart your opponents. The Bloons TD Battles Hack allows you to skip this grind by instantly unlocking all upgrades for your towers. However, unlocking all upgrades can be a time-consuming and tedious process. Unlocking upgrades for your towers is crucial for success in Bloons TD Battles. Unleash a barrage of deadly attacks and turn the tide of battle in your favor! 3. This means that they can deploy powerful and devastating abilities without worrying about their energy reserves. However, with the hack, players are given access to unlimited energy. Gaining energy in Bloons TD Battles can be quite challenging and time-consuming. With unlimited medallions, players can upgrade their towers, unlock powerful bonuses, and boost their gameplay experience to dominate the battlefield. Medallions are an essential in-game currency that can be used to purchase various items and upgrades. With the Bloons TD Battles Hack, players can enjoy unlimited medallions. It's your fault we will not help you out.Bloons TD Battles Hack Features: 1. They had a stance like "ohh, you got marked as an cheater? well, it was your first time so let's remove it for you" into "No. Well that's a bummer, guess i'll just play normally then, or make a new account just for cheating / mods, that works right?Īnd yeah, you are best off creating a second account and use that one for modding. Zero progress saved, so the monkey money will be useless then, game progression will stuck? you will have a leaf during your startup and login message saying detected cheats, will not be able to participate in any multiplayer or ranked content, and 0 progress saving above ^ but for steam achievements i'm not sure if they would trigger or not So no, you wont make progress on monkey knowledge, unlocking heros, unlocking maps, achievements, etc. technically yes, but zero progress gets saved. Originally posted by Hiroko:- yes (private invites, but don't use them during that so you don't risk friend) Minus ridiculous leaderboard times, I only did that once for the 3 minute race achievement during an easy week. I am also a Double Cash Owner because it supports the devs, so I rack up money in coop faster than other players.Īll of that combined pretty much equals up to what happened in your game. I even spammed quite a few unnecessary Super Monkey Storms when the screen was clear, and then proceeded to hit emotes to be funny. So in a few of my games, I spammed stuff I had built up like Cash Drops, Insta Towers, etc to get progress on my achievements. I've been trying to get achievements lately, and one of the achievements is to use 100 Powers in Co-op. This isn't a great example of cheaters though. Yeah nah, shoddy cheats probably get detected, but some people probably just give themselves 100 billion monkey money and 1000 stacks of every insta-monkey, then play co-op and get away with it. And whatabout the leaderboards with ridiculous times on races. Ive had a few random co-ops where people have insta monkey sun gods, summoned 10+ cash drops (which is 2k monkey money). Originally posted by Lunatic Heretic:I don't think all cheats get detected. Overall, The Sims FreePlay is a fantastic game that offers a wealth of entertainment and creative possibilities. Nevertheless, The Sims FreePlay is still a fun way to escape the real world for a while. It's a bit annoying that you constantly need to be connected to the internet to play. However, you'll need a good internet connection and a subscription to Nvidia GeForce Now. This service allows you to stream The Sims FreePlay from the cloud, so you don't need to download or install anything on your PC. Or you might use a cloud gaming service such as Nvidia GeForce NOW. It's known for its good performance and smooth gameplay
![]() This freebie is a new cartoon text style that will look great for titles, logos and comics. This effect works with two layer styles piled up together and you can apply it to shapes, text and raster layers. This effect works with two layer styles piled up together. This PSD is an eye-catchy text effect inspired by the cereal logos. The font used is free, you can find the download link in the zip file. It’s created from a combination of two layer styles, and it’s easy to edit. This cartoon text effect works best with round typefaces. ![]() This is a high detail embossed text effect with a grungy feel. It’s made from a combination of two layer styles and it works with any text or shape. All layers are editable and you can easily change the text via smart object. The 3D effect and the subtle line pattern will give your typography a special look. It can be used for logos, badges and more. Works best with bold typefaces. This is a high detailed Photoshop chrome effect made from a combination of two layer styles. Edit the text inside smart object, save it and the effect will be created automatically for you. This PSD resource allows you to apply a soft 3d look to your text. These effects work best with thick fonts. You can use them for logos, badges, titles and more. This is a pack of 5 single layer chrome styles, easy to apply with just one click. All you have to do is to type the desired text inside the smart object and your work is done. To make things easier for you, we selected 20 awesome free Photoshop text effects! Get them now and add your own texts! Plus, learn how to create a cute candy text effect in Photoshop using the simple, step by step Photoshop tutorial for beginners, at the end of this roundup! Cinematic Title Text EffectĪdd a dramatic look to your logos or designs with this high detail cinematic title effect. 100+ Creative Photo Collage Templates for Free Download.Let’s say you have to design a poster, a logo, or any other kind of design, and you need an amazing text effect to go with it.1000+ 12X18 Wedding Album Cover PSD Free Download.10000+ 12X36 Wedding Album PSD Free Download.We will try our best to provide you with as much as possible. If you need more new Photoshop Editing Tools then you can get them at any time by visiting our website, Also if you need PSD Files or any other files or topics and need any kind of Material related to Photo Studio or Wedding Album designing then you must write in comment. For Testing purposes, Take a new file, write text in beautiful fonts and simply apply the one-click style pack.įriends! How did you like this Text Effects for Photoshop? You must write in the comment.Click on the 1000+ Style pack you will see a lot of text styles.After Importing the Style pack you will get the 1000+ Style Pack New file in your FX Menu or Style Menu.Click on Import Styles Section then Select the 1000+ Style Pack. ![]() We clearly See the FX menu’s left side triple line, Just Click find the Load or Import Styles Section as shown in the image.If you want to arrange it then arrange it on the right-side toolbar. ![]()
![]() 1920x1080 4K Anime 2017 Wallpaper'> Get Wallpaper. 1920x1080 10 Best Wallpapers Hd Anime 1920X1080 FULL HD 1080p For PC. Check out this fantastic collection of 4K Anime wallpapers, with 33 4K Anime background. 1920x1080 Download wallpaper 1920x1080 anime, girl, glow, lights, night, lamp. You will need one of our apps, depending if you’re using an iPhone or Android phone, to get the best experience. 1920x1080 Cool Anime Wallpapers HD (the best 59+ images in 2018) Download. ![]() How to get a moving anime wallpaper?ĭownload our Android or iPhone app, and you can create a moving wallpaper or browse our animated anime wallpaper collection to download it on your phone. Follow our step-by-step guide on how to download and install live wallpapers on an iPhone. Choose your favorite anime phone background from our website and follow the download instructions. You can create an anime live wallpaper on your iPhone by downloading our AI Live Wallpapers&Backgrounds app within the App Store. How do you make an anime live wallpaper on an iPhone? Here are the instructions to download and apply live wallpapers on Android. You can also upload and share your favorite anime white wallpapers. Or by selecting one of our live anime wallpapers on our website that will trigger the app download. Tons of awesome anime white wallpapers to download for free. You can make any anime live wallpaper on your Android phone by downloading our Wave Live Wallpapers Maker 3D from the Play Store. ![]() Frequently Asked Questions How do you make an anime live wallpaper on Android? ![]() Text can be added, and the text editing tools and fonts available are a good selection of styles and designs.įinally, you can save the collage to your computer or share it online.ĭefualt collage size is 1366×768 which results in a fairly large 500k file, but sizes can be changed to suit different phone screen sizes. It loads up in edit mode and you can start work straight away.įirst you choose a layout design, and then you can upload photos from your computer and move them around just like making a Facebook Header. There is actually a white border frame that goes all the way around the outside of the collage, but it cannot be seen against the white page is it sitting on. Note that the above example collage probably would have been better made with yellow borders for this article’s white page background. This free collage maker requires no online registration, and is very simple to use. Once you have made your collage, the apps allow you to save it onto your computer as a JPG file and/or share it online to Social Media.Īt the end of the article we have included some web lists of Collage Applications for Apple Mac and Mobile Phones. These apps are easy to use and produce quite satisfactory results. We used Google Chrome as our laptop browser while making our Photo Collages with these free online Internet/Cloud Applications. In this article we look at some Free Photo Collage makers that can be used on a laptop or desktop computing device that runs Windows. However, if you are at School or Work where Instagram is blocked by the Network Security, then you need to use one of the many other free web based Collage Applications instead. Late last year Instagram introduced the free collage maker “Instagram Layout” which has resparked interest in making Photo Collages and sharing them on Social Media. ![]() The student will be able to elicit neurological reflexes The student will be able to examine various bodily parts ![]() The student will be able to assess a patient’s vitals In addition to this, the student will have the following healthcare/medical skills:ĭistinguish between normal and abnormal bodily sounds Various careers in medicine and healthcare.The meaning of multiple medical terms (medical terminology).The systematic approach to diagnosing diseases.The basic human anatomy and physiology of the eleven bodily systems.An understanding of how to use several medical instruments and items.The basic principles of conducting a medical examination.It may very well lead to choosing a fulfilling career in one of the numerous fields of modern medicine.Īfter completing The Apprentice Doctor Academy Foundation Medical Course, students should have a good understanding of the following:.Promote the concept of taking responsibility for one’s health.Offer a glimpse into the fascinating world of medicine. ![]() The Apprentice Doctor Academy Foundation Medical Course and associated Apprentice Doctor® Medical Kit: Perform > 50 fun Practical Projects at home and gain dozens of medical skills! I would definitely recommend this to any aspiring medical professional – you will leave feeling 100% more confident in your skills and yourself!” Sincerely, Tatiana – Ontario Canada Instructors are open, kind, and provide valuable insight into the medical field beyond just textbook information: they share first-hand accounts and stories that can really help you decide if medicine is right for you. Information is relevant and presented in easy-to-understand ways, and despite the timeline, you can really learn at your own pace. “A fantastic program that does more than teaching you the fundamentals of medicine. I would love to work in emergency medicine – if possible in a Burns Unit at a Level 1 trauma center.” Bruce – Rochester NY I always knew I wanted to pursue my passion for helping people in desperate need. My dream of becoming a doctor has been revived. “This program inspired me, and I now know for sure that I want to go into medicine. The 2020, 2021, and 2022 Apprentice Doctors Distance Learning Program received an overall satisfaction rate of >9 on a scale of 1-10! The 2021 programs elicited lovely spontaneous testimonials – such like: ![]() The Standard mode can quickly identify duplicate files by content or name. The app has three modes: Standard, Music and Pictures. The app has been free and open-source since 2010. It came out in 2004 and used to be a paid app. Latest version: 4.3.1, released in July 2022ĭupeGuru is one of the oldest duplicate file finders. There is a built-in user manual.Ĭompatibility: 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows 7 or later, macOS 10.12 or later, 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Ubuntu New users may feel overwhelmed by the options. This Windows duplicate file finder provides many options to let users control the process of finding and removing duplicate files. With support for many image formats (such as JPG, PNG and BMP), including raw image formats (such as RAW, CRW, DNG, MRW and CR2), this app can be a good duplicate photo finder. What’s more, this program has a built-in audio player, which allows you to play the Audio files within the application. There are three sets of options to exclude files from the search. You can also set it to search for duplicate files by name, size or extension or a combination of them. It uses the MD5 algorithm or byte-by-byte comparison to compare files and identifies duplicates. The Regular mode supports various file types. The app has three modes: Regular mode, Image mode and Audio mode, with the latter two modes actually only available in Duplicate Cleaner Pro. It’s feature-rich and highly configurable. Latest version: 4.1.2, released in May 2019ĭuplicate Cleaner Free can be a good duplicate file finder especially for tech-savvy users. #2 Duplicate Cleaner Free | WindowsĬompatibility: Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista ![]() If you are looking for the best duplicate file finder for Windows, get the free trial of Cisdem Duplicate Finder. Bundled with a potentially unwanted app.Here’s a full review of Auslogics Duplicate File Finder. Luckily, it allows you to refuse to install the unwanted app. Also, it’s bundled with a potentially unwanted app. It doesn’t allow you to use drag and drop to add a folder to search. This free duplicate file finder is great but not perfect. Delete selected duplicates permanently or move them to the Recycle Bin or the Rescue Center. You can select unnecessary duplicates for deletion or let the app do it. It displays the found duplicate files for you to view, sort and filter and lets you preview images, videos and PDFs. Don’t remove these files and folders to avoid data loss. This tool has added some system files to the Ignore lists by default. You can also exclude certain files or folders from the search by adding them to the Ignore lists from Settings. In this way, this program will check the info in these file tags, like image resolution, date, audio title, artist, album, and more. When searching for image or audio duplicates, you can also Use EXIF and ID3 for searches. You can set it to search for all duplicate files or only a certain type such as duplicate images. It’s easy to use for everyone and can find all common types of duplicate files such as duplicate photos, audios and videos. Latest version: 10.0.0.3, released in July 2023Īuslogics Duplicate File Finder is completely free. The best free duplicate file finder #1 Auslogics Duplicate File Finder | WindowsĬompatibility: Windows 11, Windows 10, 8.1, 8 and 7 Offer 3 deletion options: Move to Recycle Bin/Trash, Move to Folder and Remove Permanently.Also offer selection rules to help you mass select.Automatically select all but one file for deletion in each set of duplicate files.Display the found duplicate files for you to view, sort and preview.Find duplicates in iTunes, Windows’ Photos and Mac’s Photos.Can also be used for OneDrive, Amazon Photos, Google Photos, iCloud, etc.Find duplicate files on Windows PC, Mac, external hard drive, SD card, etc.Identify duplicate photos, audios, videos, documents and all other duplicate files.Cisdem Duplicate Finder The Best Duplicate File Finder ![]() Pros: 20 designs to choice from, different skin tones available We love the diversity in the Father Christmas designs on offer. It’s great to get such a good selection as free downloads. Some are tick lists, some are forms with lines and some are just printed headers to go at the top of the page, as shown in our picture. World of Printables have a choice of 20 free printable Father Christmas templates. Buy your Letter to Santa and from Santa kit from AmazonĤ.20 free printable letters to Santa Best for diversity and choice.Pros: Two letter pack, nice artwork, fun pencil, you write the replyĬons: Single sticker sheet might cause arguments, you write the reply Remember,there is only one reply letter in the pack so make this clear to siblings to avoid fighting! Then pop the letters in the envelope and wait for Santa’s reply. Your children will need to take it in turns to decorate and write their letters. Plus it comes with sticker sheet so your little ones can decorate their letters. You get a Santa pencil and topper, and a printed envelope for the letters to Santa. This pack gives you two printed letters for your children to send to Father Christmas, plus a printed letter for you to write a reply. Letter to Santa and from Santa kit Best for two children families Download the free printable Father Christmas letter templates from Super Busy Mumģ.Pros: Choice of designs, options for all ages, free downloadĬons: You need a colour printer to use them You get a great envelope to print and fold as part of the set too. There’s a mixture of tick lists with prompts and templates with ruled lines allowing your kids to write whatever they like. ![]() One has room for a drawing rather than a letter to Fathers Christmas. These free printables from Super Busy Mum come with a choice of four different designs. Buy your Talking tables Christmas letter to Santa kit from AmazonĢ.Super Busy Mum’s free printable Father Christmas letter templates Best for families who want a selection.There is a spot for them to sign at the bottom tooĪdd a stamp to the pre-adressed envelope and post before 10th December to receive a personalised reply from Santa!Ĭons: You need to add a stamp, quite an expensive kit It has a tick list to say if they have been naughty or nice, and a list space for writing in their gift requests. Then, you can always make the rest of the cookies smaller, if necessary.Simple and straightforward, this letter to Santa kit is ideal for very young children. I recommend baking a few test cookies to see if they'll fit in your jar before you bake the whole batch. Make sure to use a wide mouth jar, otherwise your cookies will have to be super tiny. The most important thing when baking your cookies is to form them small enough to fit into your jar. You could even fill the jar with candy, like these homemade Fruit and Nut Chocolates. try these Cranberry Walnut Cookies, Maple Pecan Shortbread Cookies, Honey Cookies, or these Chewy Ginger Cookies. the perfect mix of sweet and salty! Any cookie recipe would work though. I used my favorite Salted Caramel Pretzel Cookies. wrapping supplies (ribbon, wrapping paper, tissue paper, and card).Dad's Secret Stache free printable (available at the end of the post).wide-mouth mason jar (or another jar with a large rim) - Use a 16-ounce jar for few cookies, or a larger 32-ounce jar for more treats.Want to make this fun gift for your dad? Here's what you'll need: ![]() Despite SnCuNi’s higher melting point, it formed good joints, passing every standard test to which it was subjected. A reflow process with a peak temperature of only 234☌ and 60 seconds above 217☌ is considered the low end of the window for SAC305. The results of this test were eye-opening. ![]() Therefore, thermal cycling was eventually eliminated from the test plan. A similar study that compared the two alloys on a more complex PCB completed 3000 cycles (0-100☌) with no remarkable results. However, given the good appearance, microstructure and solder joint strength, it is highly unlikely that any solder joints would fail during cycling, and no new knowledge would be gained from the effort. Thermal Cycling: Original experimental plans included thermal cycling 5 full assemblies from each alloy set. The thermal aging had no significant impact on shear strength values, as seen in figure 5. Shear strengths averaged 4-6kg, which is typical for this component size and comparable to previous tests run with on assemblies with peak temperatures of 245☌. Joint Strength: 0805 components were shear tested at 15° angles before and after thermal aging. Both alloys demonstrated similar IMC growth during the second aging, as shown in figure 4. The initial cycle had no significant effects on the IMC or the solder joint shear strength. They were then subjected to two thermal aging cycles an initial one at 125☌ for 96 hours and a subsequent cycle at 150☌ for 240 hrs. In the as-reflowed state, both alloys formed continuous IMCs approximately 3μm thick. Microstructural Analysis: Optical microscopy showed good wetting to both leaded and leadless terminations, and good IMC formation. Although the voiding levels are acceptable, they could likely be mitigated by adding a soak to the reflow profile. The X-ray analysis showed more voiding in the SnCuNi solder joints than the SAC305, as shown in figure 3. They all passed, and the assemblies were earmarked for thermal cycling. Photos of the typical solder joints produced in this process are shown in figure 2.ĥ PCBs from each alloy group were then fully assembled with PTH and wave soldered, and installed into chassis for functional test. The SnCuNi solder joints formed under the cooler profile did not exhibit the typical luster that is characteristic of the alloy, but were not as dull as the SAC305. No defects were found by either inspection process. Inspection & Electrical Test: AOI took place on the assembly line, and visual inspection was performed by the line’s IPC-certified inspectors. Following assembly the boards were subjected to numerous tests and analyses. Both pastes used the same flux, and the two products ran down the assembly line sequentially with no changes to any portion of the SMT process. The experiment consisted of two runs – one with SAC305 solder paste and one with SnCuNi solder paste. was dictated by thermally sensitive components on the PCB, which was a mixed-technology industrial controller of low-medium complexity. It dropped the SN100C alloy into a reflow process considered cool for SAC305 the temperture peaked at 234☌ with only 60 seconds above 217. But a newly published study 1 explored exactly that situation. Until recently, we had no real-world, production-based data on the soldering behavior of the SnCuNi alloy near the low margin of the reflow window. Laboratory tests have demonstrated good wetting at lower temperatures, but they’re just that – lab tests. It’s that 7-degree difference in minimum reflow temperatures that generates the fear – of cold joints, incomplete wetting, inconsistent IMC formation or other reliability issues - if the peak temperature of a solder joint falls into that questionable space between 233 and 240☌. Applying the 13-degree guideline to the SnCuNi alloy results in a minimum peak temperature recommendation of 240☌. Recommended reflow temperatures are typically at least 13☌ higher than melting temperatures hence the SAC305 peak temperature window of 233 – 255. SAC305 begins to melt at 217☌, reaching its fully liquid state at approximately 220.6☌. Fear of full compatibility with SAC reflow processes. Why has it not gained major acceptance as an SMT alloy? In large part, fear. Because it contains no silver, it is much more economical than SAC alloys containing 1, 3 or even 4 percent of the precious metal, and it produces smooth, shiny, easy-to-inspect solder joints. Nickel-modified tin-copper solder, known commercially as SN100C®, is a leading lead-free alloy for PTH soldering, rework and hot air leveled PCB final finishes. Sn/Cu/Ni soldering performance at low temperatures. |
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